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導(dǎo)讀:

  考研英語之所以難是由于文章中到處都充斥著長(zhǎng)難句,也就是句子不僅長(zhǎng)而且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。而讀懂這些長(zhǎng)難句是我們解題的關(guān)鍵之所在。要想讀懂,我們得學(xué)會(huì)去拆分,去識(shí)別出句子所包含的重要語法現(xiàn)象,其中關(guān)于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是經(jīng)常作為考查點(diǎn)而出現(xiàn)的。那么,接下來,由老師重點(diǎn)梳理下相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

  所謂的倒裝,是指句子并未按照正常的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)去呈現(xiàn)語序,而是出于語法需要或平衡結(jié)構(gòu)的需要,將謂語或謂語中的一部分移到主語之前。如果是將謂語全部移到主語之前,則為完全倒裝;如果是謂語中的一部分前置,則為部分倒裝。

  一、介詞短語作狀語位于句首,謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子要完全倒裝。

  例:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.

  
  二、here, there,now, then開頭的句子,句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子要發(fā)生完全倒裝。

  例:Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!

  
  三、表否定的副詞或短語位于句首,句子要發(fā)生部分倒裝。

  常見否定副詞:not , not only ,few, barely,never , little , seldom , hardly,scarcely, ...

  常見表否定的短語:in no way, by no means, at no time, under no circumstance...

  
  例:Little dotheyknow about him.

  Seldom doesshe come back on Sundays.

  
  注:not only ... but also ...引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列句,前倒后不倒。

  例:Not only doesshe do well in herlessons, but alsoshe often helps others with their lessons.  

  四、Only+狀語(從句)位于句首時(shí),主句要部分倒裝。

  例:Only then did I realize the importanceof English.

  五、so…that結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。

  如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)so所修飾的形容詞或副詞,常將so及它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時(shí),主句要發(fā)生部分倒裝。

  例:倒裝前:She runs so fast thatshe is far ahead of others.

  倒裝后:So fast doesshe run thatshe is far ahead of others.

  六、if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中,如有were ( had , should ) , if則可省去,,把were,had,should提到主語前面,發(fā)生部分倒裝。

  例:倒裝前Ifwehad come yesterday,wewould have seen him.

  倒裝后Hadwecome yesterday,wewould have seen him.

  七、as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,要發(fā)生部分倒裝。

  1.副詞置于句首。

  例:Much asshelike it (=Althoughshelike it very much), I will not buy it.

  
  2.動(dòng)詞置于句首。

  例:Wait aswemay (= Althoughwemay wait), he will not seeus.

  
  3.形容詞或名詞置于句首。

  例:Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.

  注:當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí),as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。

  例:A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.